![]() ![]() These changes in familial circumscription and recognition have all resulted from new results published since APG III, except for some changes simply due to nomenclatural issues, which include substituting Asphodelaceae for Xanthorrhoeaceae (Asparagales) and Francoaceae for Melianthaceae (Geraniales) however, in Francoaceae we also include Bersamaceae, Ledocarpaceae, Rhynchothecaceae and Vivianiaceae. Although there is evidence that some families recognized in APG III are not monophyletic, we make no changes in Dioscoreales and Santalales relative to APG III and leave some genera in Lamiales unplaced (e.g. Two parasitic families formerly of uncertain positions are now placed: Cynomoriaceae in Saxifragales and Apodanthaceae in Cucurbitales. Families that made up potentially monofamilial orders, Dasypogonaceae and Sabiaceae, are instead referred to Arecales and Proteales, respectively. We propose two additional informal major clades, superrosids and superasterids, that each comprise the additional orders that are included in the larger clades dominated by the rosids and asterids. This brings the total number of orders and families recognized in the APG system to 64 and 416, respectively. Several new orders are recognized: Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusiales and Vahliales. Search for more papers by this authorĪn update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification of the orders and families of angiosperms is presented. Louis and Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Stevens, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Soltis, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA P. Sennikov, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland and Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. ![]() Mabberley, Wadham College, University of Oxford, UK Universiteit Leiden and Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Macquarie University and National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia A. Soltis, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA D. Chase, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia W. Byng, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK M. Christenhusz, Plant Gateway, 5 Talbot Street, Hertford, Hertfordshire SG13 7BX, UK J. Fay, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK J. W. Clark, John Conran, Elspeth Haston, Michael Möller, Michael Moore, Richard Olmstead, Mathieu Perret, Laurence Skog, James Smith, David Tank, Maria Vorontsova and Anton Weber. Stevens, who were equally responsible and listed here in alphabetical order only, with contributions from Barbara Briggs, Samuel Brockington, Alain Chautems, John C. ![]()
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